Laparoscopy is called as the key hole surgery or minimally invasive surgery. From myomectomy to cancer surgeries, in skilled hands, laparoscopy had better post operative recovery rates undoubtedly when compared to open surgeries.
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or endoscopic surgery now has applications not just in obstetrics and gynaecology but also in general surgery, gastroenterology, urology, uro gynaecology, orthopaedics, and procedures like ovarian cystectomy.
When the first laparoscopic appendectomy was performed by Dr Semm who happened to be a gynaecologist at University of Kiel, Germany, it was an international sensation. Even though the medical fraternity disapproved of this surgical skill, fighting all odds – laparoscopy is here to stay. And is now the preferred mode of surgery for almost every condition that can be accessed through an open surgery, including ovarian cysts.
Laparoscopy is broadly divided into Diagnostic and Operative. A basic diagnostic laparoscopy involves making a 5mm incision above/ in the umbilicus through which a Veress needle is inserted to insufflate the abdomen with CO2 gas. This distends the abdomen, pushes down the intestines so they are not in the way of Trocar which is another instrument used to make an entry inside the abdomen. A camera is then pushed in through the hollow of the tube which helps visualising the abdomen. Accessory ports are created as required.
The technique has seen many advancements and will probably see much more in the near future. Robot assisted surgery is the most dynamic form of minimally invasive surgery. Being able to give a 3rd dimension to the operative field mimicking an open surgery and extension of surgical instruments to 7 degrees of freedom have only led the surgeons to be able to operate in more complex spaces with ease, improving ergonomics. These advancements have made laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy a safer and more effective option for many patients.
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During the procedure, a thin tube with a camera on the end, called a laparoscope is gently inserted into your abdomen, typically near your navel. This allows your surgeon to see inside and guide the operation. A few more tiny incisions will be made on your abdomen, and a harmless gas is used to create space for a clearer view.
It's important to rest up for the remainder of the day after your laparoscopy. While you won't need to stay in bed all day, it's best to avoid strenuous activities. And remember, for the first 48 hours, it's safest not to drive due to the lingering effects of anesthesia. After that, you're free to resume your usual activities, as long as you're not on any narcotic medications.
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