Common Menstrual Problems Faced by Women: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions

What Is Infertility?

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. In India, around 15-20% of couples face infertility, and both men and women can be equally affected.

 Common Causes of Infertility

In Women:

• Ovulation disorders (like PCOS)
  
  
• Endometriosis
  
  
• Blocked fallopian tubes
  
  
• Uterine abnormalities
  
  
• Advanced age
  
  

In Men:

• Low sperm count or poor motility
  
  
• Erectile dysfunction
  
  
• Varicocele
  
  
• Hormonal imbalances
  
  
• Genetic factors
  
  

Top Fertility Treatment Options in India

India offers comprehensive fertility treatments ranging from basic evaluations to advanced assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

1. Ovulation Induction (OI)

For women who don’t ovulate regularly, medications like Clomiphene Citrate or Letrozole are prescribed to stimulate ovulation.

• Cost: ₹3,000–₹10,000 per cycle
  
  
• Success Rate: 10–15% per cycle
  
  
• Best For: Women with PCOS or irregular ovulation
  
  

2. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

Sperm is washed and placed directly inside the uterus during ovulation. It’s one of the least invasive fertility treatments.

• Cost in Chennai: ₹8,000–₹20,000 per cycle
  
  
• Success Rate: 10–20% per cycle
  
  
• Best For: Mild male factor infertility, cervical mucus issues, unexplained infertility
  
  

3. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Eggs and sperm are fertilized outside the body and transferred into the uterus. IVF is the most common and successful fertility treatment globally.

• Cost in Chennai: ₹1.25 – ₹2.5 Lakhs per cycle
  
  
• Success Rate: 40–60% (varies by age and clinic)
  
  
• Best For: Tubal blockages, severe male infertility, failed IUI cycles
  
  

4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

A single sperm is directly injected into an egg during IVF. It is highly recommended for male infertility cases.

• Cost: ₹1.5 – ₹2.75 Lakhs per cycle (including IVF)
  
  
• Success Rate: 35–55%
  
  
• Best For: Very low sperm count, sperm motility issues
  
  

5. Donor Programs (Egg/Sperm/Embryo)

For couples where one partner cannot provide viable eggs or sperm, donor gametes or embryos are used.

• Cost:
  
  
  • Donor Egg IVF: ₹2.5 – ₹3.5 Lakhs
    
    
  • Donor Sperm IUI: ₹10,000–₹20,000
    
    
  • Embryo Donation: ₹90,000–₹1.5 Lakhs
    
    

6. Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)

Spare embryos from IVF are frozen and used in future cycles without repeating ovarian stimulation.

• Cost: ₹40,000–₹80,000
  
  
• Success Rate: Comparable to fresh cycles
  
  
• Best For: Multiple embryo transfers, planned pregnancies
  
  

7. Laparoscopy & Hysteroscopy

These are minimally invasive surgical procedures to treat issues like fibroids, polyps, or endometriosis that hinder fertility.

• Cost: ₹25,000–₹60,000
  
  
• Success Rate: Depends on the condition
  
  

Best For: Uterine anomalies, blocked tubes